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Volta (literature)
In poetry, the volta, or turn, is a rhetorical shift or dramatic change in thought and/or emotion. Turns are seen in all types of written poetry.
==Terminology==
The turn in poetry has gone by many names. In "The Poem in Countermotion," the final chapter of ''How Does a Poem Mean?'', John Ciardi calls the turn a "fulcrum."〔John Ciardi, How Does a Poem Mean? (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959).〕 In ''The Poet's Art'', M.L. Rosenthal employs two different terms for different kinds of turns: "gentle ''modulations'', or at the furthest extreme, wrenching turns of emphasis or focus or emotional pitch (''torques'')."〔M.L. Rosenthal, The Poet’s Art (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987).〕 Hank Lazer primarily refers to the turn as a "swerve," asking, "Is there a describable lyricism of swerving? For those poems for which the swerve, the turn, the sudden change in direction are integral, can we begin to articulate a precise appreciation? Is there a describable and individualistic lyricism of swerving?"〔Hank Lazer, in “Lyricism of the Swerve: The Poetry of Rae Armantrout” (in Lyric & Spirit: Selected Essays 1996-2008 (Richmond, CA: Omnidawn, 2008), pp. 95-126; and American Women Poets in the 21st Century: Where Lyric Meets Language, edited by Claudia Rankine and Juliana Spahr (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan, 2002), pp. 27-51).〕 What Leslie Ullman calls the "center" of a poem largely is the poem's turn.〔Leslie Ullman, (“A ‘Dark Star’ Passes through It.” )〕
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